系统参数对电动力绳系动力学的影响

将电动力绳系(EDT)的主星质量、子星质量、绳系质量以及绳系中的电流视为系统参数，研究这些参数对系统的摆动动力学和轨道动力学的影响。哑铃模型下的电动力绳系摆动动力学方程存在不稳定的周期解，通过Floquet理论来衡量周期解的不稳定程度，从而研究各系统参数对摆动动力学的影响。建立了用春分点轨道元素的形式描述的电动力绳系轨道动力学方程，并以降轨时间来衡量电动力绳系的降轨效率，从而研究系统参数对轨道动力学的影响。运用算例对周期解迁移矩阵的特征值、降轨时间随各系统参数的变化关系进行了仿真，分别得出了各系统参数对系统摆动动力学和轨道动力学的影响。综合本文的仿真结果，并考虑实际发射及空间运行中的其它因素，对电动力绳系的设计和降轨策略提出了建议。     

基于单应性矩阵的模型迎角单目视频测量方法

风洞试验中模型迎角的精准测量是降低阻力系数误差的重要途径之一，为此，提出了基于单应性矩阵的模型迎角单目视频测量方法。该方法通过两个单应性矩阵，获取试验过程中相机实时位姿和标记点物方空间位置坐标，应用坐标旋转关系，完成试验模型的迎角测量。数值仿真试验结果表明：迎角测量误差与待测标记点到风洞壁板间的距离偏差近似为线性关系，因此，当标记点不满足共面条件时，可根据该特点进行测量误差修正。静态标定和风洞迎角测量试验结果表明：修正系统误差后，迎角实测数据的测量准度在0.01°以内，精度不超过0.012°。本文方法易于实施，工程实用价值强。     

永磁同步电机最优滑模控制

为了减少永磁同步电机调速中的动态误差,提出了一种积分性能最优的滑模控制方法。该方法以滑模控制中的动态误差为性能指标,在此基础上建立最优切换函数,并采用最优控制理论对滑模控制器进行设计。用该方法设计的滑模控制系统,通过滑模面斜率的连续变化,能够加速系统状态变量到达滑模面的过程,极大地提高对参数摄动和外部干扰的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该时变滑模面控制方法使系统具有无超调、快速、稳定等优点,提高了系统的鲁棒性。     

基于L1范数的k平面聚类算法设计

基于L2范数度量的k平面聚类(k-Plane Clustering,k PC)设计思想,本文提出了一种采用L1范数度量的聚类算法。由于在平面更新步骤中,所导出的优化问题是非凸的,文中给出了一种求解方法,即将非凸问题转化为有限个子集上的凸问题,为避免求解多个优化问题导致训练时间过长问题,本文还设计了一种新的优选策略,有限个子集的搜索任务可在线性时间内完成。本文所提出的方法只需要求解k个线性规划,而不再是k PC的求解特征值问题。在人工和UCI数据集上的实验结果表明:基于L1范数平面聚类算法的训练和测试时间更短,且在大多数数据集上均表现出了更好的聚类性能。     

Advances in fabrication of ceramic corundum abrasives based on sol–gel process

Corundum abrasives with good chemical stability can be fabricated into various free abrasives and bonded abrasive tools that are widely used in the precision machining of various parts. However, these abrasives cannot satisfy the machining requirements of difficult-to-machine materials with high hardness, high strength, and strong wearing resistance. Although superhard abrasives can machine the above-mentioned materials, their dressing and manufacturing costs are high. By contrast, ceramic corundum abrasives fabricated by sol–gel method is a cost-effective product between conventional and superhard abrasives. Ceramic corundum abrasives exhibit self-sharpening and high toughness. In this review, the optimization methods of ceramic corundum abrasive properties are introduced from three aspects: precursor synthesis, particle shaping, and sintering. Firstly, the functional mechanism of seeds and additives on the microstructural and mechanical properties of abrasives is analyzed. Specifically, seeds can reduce the phase transition temperature and improve fracture toughness. The grain size and uniformly dense structure can be controlled by applying an appropriate amount of multicomponent additives. Then, the urgent need of engineering application and machinability of special shape ceramic corundum abrasives is reviewed, and three methods of abrasive shaping are summarized. The micromold replication technique is highly advanced and can be used to prepare functional abrasives. Additionally, the influence of a new sintering method, namely, two-step sintering technique, on the microstructural and mechanical performance of ceramic corundum abrasives is summarized. Finally, the challenge and developmental trend of the optimization of ceramic corundum abrasives are prospected.     

Generalised variational assimilation of cloud-affected brightness temperature using simulated hyper-spectral atmospheric infrared sounder data

Assimilated channel brightness temperature data from infrared sounders accounting for cloud effects have a positive effect on weather forecasting, especially in weather-sensitive areas. When cloud effects are included, the channel brightness temperature deviations follow a non-Gaussian distribution. However, classical variational data assimilation follows a Gaussian distribution. When processing the cloud-affected brightness temperature, useful data are lost through the cloud detection process, thus assimilating some channel brightness temperatures with weight function peaks above the cloud top. Furthermore, strict quality control of brightness temperature removes outliers. By adopting the generalised variational assimilation method, which assumes that errors follow a non-Gaussian distribution, this paper assimilates the cloud-affected brightness temperature using simulated data for the hyper-spectral atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS). A channel set is formed by dynamically selecting AIRS channels. The experiments for retrieving temperature and humidity data demonstrate that the generalised variational assimilated cloud-affected brightness temperature method performs better than the classical method.     

基于UKF的实时弹道解算参数稳健设计

在基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter,无迹卡尔曼滤波)的实时弹道解算应用中,外部环境不稳定的影响以及观测过程中野值的存在,使得基于经验参数设置的滤波易于发散.因此,需要针对指定型号调节和设置滤波器参数的取值,使其克服上述现象.针对这一问题,提出了基于理论弹道先验的参数稳健设计方法,对滤波器参数最优值进行预测.从滤波器的架构出发,梳理出影响滤波器性能的相关参数,结合稳健设计思想,外设计部分基于理论弹道先验信息,通过模拟弹道特征点构造弹道观测模型;而内设计部份,构造模型的测元数据进行正交试验,判断参数的显著性,获取相应的最优参数取值,从而为实时解算弹道的参数设置提供指导.实际数据试验结果表明,该方法可显著提高滤波器的实算稳健性和收敛性能.     

OSIRIS-REx: Sample Return from Asteroid (101955) Bennu

In May of 2011, NASA selected the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) asteroid sample return mission as the third mission in the New Frontiers program. The other two New Frontiers missions are New Horizons, which explored Pluto during a flyby in July 2015 and is on its way for a flyby of Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69 on January 1, 2019, and Juno, an orbiting mission that is studying the origin, evolution, and internal structure of Jupiter. The spacecraft departed for near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu aboard an United Launch Alliance Atlas V 411 evolved expendable launch vehicle at 7:05 p.m. EDT on September 8, 2016, on a seven-year journey to return samples from Bennu. The spacecraft is on an outbound-cruise trajectory that will result in a rendezvous with Bennu in November 2018. The science instruments on the spacecraft will survey Bennu to measure its physical, geological, and chemical properties, and the team will use these data to select a site on the surface to collect at least 60 g of asteroid regolith. The team will also analyze the remote-sensing data to perform a detailed study of the sample site for context, assess Bennu’s resource potential, refine estimates of its impact probability with Earth, and provide ground-truth data for the extensive astronomical data set collected on this asteroid. The spacecraft will leave Bennu in 2021 and return the sample to the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) on September 24, 2023.

     

An Artificial Neural Network based approach for estimation of rain intensity from spectral moments of a Doppler Weather Radar

By using a Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) at Shriharikota (13.66°N & 80.23°E), an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based technique is proposed to improve the accuracy of rain intensity estimation. Three spectral moments of a Doppler spectra are utilized as an input data to an ANN. Rain intensity, as measured by the tipping bucket rain gauges around the DWR station, are considered as a target values for the given inputs. Rain intensity as estimated by the developed ANN model is validated by the rain gauges measurements. With the help of a developed technique, reasonable improvement in the estimation of rain intensity is observed. By using the developed technique, root mean square error and bias are reduced in the range of 34–18% and 17–3% respectively, compared to Z–R approach.     

面向空间应用的高精度磁阻磁强计设计及性能测试

文章基于磁阻磁强计的工作原理,提出了高精度磁阻磁强计三分量探头和电子电路设计方案:改进磁强计三分量探头结构,以消除三分量磁畴间的相互干扰所引起的测量误差;采用交流耦合和闭环控制工作模式,以消除磁畴排列紊乱带来的影响,稳定磁强计的工作状态。关键性能指标的测试结果表明,磁阻磁强计在1 Hz点处的频谱噪声达到38 pT/(Hz)~(1/2),其噪声性能显著提高。另外,该磁阻磁强计采用微型化结构设计,便于安装,满足微小卫星的空间磁场探测的需求。